Industry

Chemistry & Cell Components

Page 148 of 304

Sources and links on page 148 (1)

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https://www.woodmac.com/news/opinion/will-sodium-ion-battery-cells-be-a-game-changer-for-electric-vehicle-and-energy-storage-markets/

Text on page 148

Chemistry & Cell Components

Sodium Ion | Comparison Against Lithium Ion

Na-ion battery

Li-ion battery

Elemental Abundance

~23000 ppm

20 ppm

Gravimetric Energy density

140-150 Wh/Kg

140-280 Wh/Kg depending on chemistry (NMC, LFP, LTO, NCA etc.)

Volumetric Energy Density

250-400 Wh/L

250-750 Wh/L depending on chemistry (NMC, LFP, LTO, NCA etc.)

Cycle Life

Fast Charging Capability

Demonstrated @ 4C for short period of time; R&D still ongoing

Depends on chemistry (NMC - <1C, LFP - <2C, LTO - <6C)

Operating Temperature

–20oC to 60oC

0oC – 45oC (For LTO, –30oC 60oC

Safety

Safe to transport at 0V

Usually transported @ 50% SoC to avoid over-discharge

Source: Wood Mackenzie

Sodium Ion | Comparison Against Lithium Ion

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.