Industry

Chemistry: Cathode

Page 213 of 518

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Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) Basic Information

NCA

Strength

Weakness

Opportunity

Threat

High energy density with excellent rate capability

Long calendar life and structural stability

No manganese leaching or structure deformation issues

Mature production techniques

Strong recycling value

Washing step could be omitted during process

High cost due to higher Ni content and Al price as well as the manufacturing process

Thermal stability concerns, particularly at high temperatures

Complex manufacturing process in that it is difficult to evenly incorporate aluminum into CAM particles

High power applications like power tools, forklift, e-trucks

Application in electric race cars

Fast charging capabilities for consumer electronics and EVs

High-end electric vehicles with extended range

ESS

Competition from NCM and NCMA chemistries

Emergence of high voltage cathode materials

NCA technology and products are not as widely accessible or cost effective as NCM

Source: Battery Report 2023, GEM Co., Ltd, ZHNANO

Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA): Continues to be a prominent technology in electric vehicles and portable electronics. Development progress: Optimizing rate capability and thermal stability. Leading companies: Panasonic and Sumitomo have played key roles in advancing and popularizing NCA batteries across diverse applications including Tesla vehicles. In addition, Samsung SDI and EcoPro have made significant investments in NCA development in the past year. Primary use: EV applications, with power tools, e-bikes, and portable electronics making up the rest.

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.