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Development Of The Squaramide Scaffold For High Potential And Multielectron Catholytes For Use In Redox Flow Batteries Synthesizing high-potential catholyte materials with low capacity fade and high solubility for nonaqueous organic redox flow battery (N-ORFB) applications remains a challenge. To address this, Tracy et al. report a new class of catholyte materials derived from squaric acid quinoxaline (SQX) and squaric acid amide (SQA) materials.
SQX-1
SQA-1 E1/2 vs Fc/Fc+: 0.51 V % Fade/h: 0.23% Cycles/time: 100 cycles/ 22.5 h Max SOC: 88%
SQA-2 E1/2 vs Fc/Fc+: 0.81 V % Fade/h: 0.36% Cycles/time: 100 cycles/ 20.8 h Max SOC: 81%
E1/2 vs Fc/Fc+: 0.48 V, 0.82 V % Fade/h: 0.56% Cycles/time: 100 cycles/ 40.2 h Max SOC: 86%
Note: SQX-1 and SQA-1 were tested in a flow batteries and SQA-2 in an H-cell set up.
Source: Tracy et al. Journal of American Chemistry, 2024
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