Sources and links on page 154 (6)
Links embedded in the original report PDF, including citations and other references. These destinations have not been independently reviewed. Links open in a new tab.
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-023-01215-w
- https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(20)30240-3
- https://sodiumbatteryhub.com/2025/03/17/sodium-ion-vs-lfp-key-differences-in-battery-performance/
- https://electronics360.globalspec.com/article/22873/from-nmc-to-lfp-batteries
- https://erv.io/knowledge_hub/conversations-in-climate-tech-has-lfp-already-won-the-battery-race/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X24020000?casa_token=vytWlCp2BjUAAAAA:VNH99L5AaAWdwWB7fGg65mvsGhXDEZVFXmdFi54c1pmBFZcddHfMgwFoPItNiPHttCNby_iaWw#f0045
Text on page 154
EV Cell Chemistry Performance Comparison: LFP, NMC & Na-ion
Source: Academic articles
NMC still provides the highest energy density and longest range1,2 Sodium-ion shows best cold-temperature performance and does not rely on active thermal management unlike LFP and NMC Today’s longest-range EVs use NMC, mainstream mass-market models increasingly use LFP, and sodium-ion is targeting short- to mid-range city cars and entry EVs. Sodium-ion is expected to complement, not replace, LFP and NMC filling the lowest-cost, shorter-range segment.
Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.
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