Applications: Stationary Energy Storage
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Sources and links on page 199 (9)
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- https://blog.norcalcontrols.net/bess-architecture-evolution-ac/dc-block-ems-integration#:~:text=Industry%20Trends%20and%20Considerations:,efficient%20energy%20storage%20and%20discharge.
- https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-blog/saurenergy-explains-ac-block-vs-dc-block-battle-of-bess
- https://www.linkedin.com/posts/drew-lebowitz-pe-3bbb6215_battery-lithiumion-bess-activity-7301379417849704448-1cxJ/
- https://fluenceenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Smartstack-Prototype-System-Manufacturing-Setting-Medium-Res_web-2.jpg
- https://www.energy-storage.news/germany-bess-firsts-integrated-software-multi-party-optimisation-privileged-permitting/
- https://modoenergy.com/research/en/jul-25-bess-suppliers-ac-dc-block-manufacturers-cell-pcs-catl-tesla-wartsila-sungrow-battery-energy-storage-systems
- https://www.ess-news.com/2025/09/09/tesla-unveils-new-generation-of-utility-scale-batteries-megapack-3-and-megablock/
- https://www.acebattery.com/blogs/ac-vs-dc-coupled-vs-hybrid-bess
- https://www.energy-storage.news/byd-launches-14-5mwh-bess-as-energy-density-race-continues/
Text on page 199
AC vs. DC-block Two competing architectures for battery enclosure have been rising within the BESS industry.
AC Block
DC Block
PCS is pre-integrated into a single enclosure that outputs AC power directly
The enclosure outputs DC power which feeds an external PCS (bi-directional inverter)
Battery Block
Battery Block
PCS
PCS
Pros:
Simpler and quicker installation
PCS included in the product warranty and easier O&M
Simplified control system
Trends:
Gaining market share in EU and US market due to design benefits.
Tesla’s Megablock advances MV AC block trend for 2026.
Source: Nor-Cal Controls, Saur Energy, LinkedIn - Drew Lebowitz, Fluence, Energy Storage News
Pros:
Flexibility to size the PCS
Lower upfront cost (per-kWh)
Allows for third party EMS implementation
Trends:
Preferred solution in solar+storage hybridation projects.
Leads the energy density race at block level into 2026.
Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.
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