VFBATTERY REPORT
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Cell Design and Materials

Page 284 of 768
Battery Report 2025, page 284: Cell Design and Materials
Sources and links on page 284 (2)

Links embedded in the original report PDF, including citations and other references. These destinations have not been independently reviewed. Links open in a new tab.

  1. https://volta.foundation/battery-report-2023
  2. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1BmUIc7glVppOUBByrKPAhSImwjPMJMecZis9XyAKiG8/edit?usp=sharing
Text on page 284

Timeline of Modern Lithium-ion Cell Chemistry Development 2015

CATHODE

NMC

NCA

HV LNMO

LMO

LCO

LMR

Na-Ion

LFP

Sulfur

LMFP

ANODE

Graphite

Soft Carbon

Hard Carbon

LiTiO

DRX

Graphite/Si

Li-Metal Si

ELECTROLYTE

Solid-State Organic Electrolytes

Gel-Polymer Electrolytes Liquified Gas

SEPARATOR

Polyolefin + Polymer Polyolefin

Polyolefin + Ceramic

Source: Battery Report 2023 and 2024, Battery Talk: Battery Application Break Down 12/31/2025 (Version 3.0)

Ceramic Solid-State

Polyolefin + Ceramic + Polymer Cellulose Non-Woven

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.

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