Sources and links on page 292 (5)
Links embedded in the original report PDF, including citations and other references. These destinations have not been independently reviewed. Links open in a new tab.
- https://www.redwoodmaterials.com/resources/cathode-and-anode/
- https://www.anl.gov/argonne-scientific-publications
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15355-0
- https://volta.foundation/battery-report-2023
- https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1BmUIc7glVppOUBByrKPAhSImwjPMJMecZis9XyAKiG8/edit?usp=sharing
Text on page 292
Form Factor Chemistry Tradeoff Comparison in Products
200 Wh/kg 125 Wh/kg
230 Wh/kg
This side-by-side comparison highlights the critical trade-off in battery design: Energy Density vs. Everything Else (Safety, Cost, Cycle Life). Safety does not scale with size of cell (“More Ah, more boom”) To get 8.3 kWh of energy, we can choose an 81 kg LFP pack (safer, cheaper, longer life) or a 41 kg/43kg NMC pack (higher energy, lighter weight). This highlights the fundamental tradeoff that many applications make in optimizing for the application. The choice depends entirely on the application. For maximum range/performance (EVs), you choose the biggest NMC/NCA cells to maximize packing efficiency and overall pack density (with the least weight/volume). For stationary storage or heavy-duty vehicles where space/weight is less critical, LFP offers a cost-effective, longer lasting, and safer solution in addition to a higher total energy throughput.
Source: Redwood, ANL, Nature-lithium-ion battery cathode chemistry, Battery Report 2023-2024 Cell Chemistry, Battery Talk: Battery Application Break Down 12/31/2025 (Version 3.0
Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.
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