NMC Cathode Active Material Synthesis Process NMC CATHODE PRECURSOR SYNTHESIS OVERVIEW

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NMC Cathode Active Material Synthesis Process NMC CATHODE PRECURSOR SYNTHESIS OVERVIEW

NMC CATHODE SYNTHESIS OVERVIEW NMC CATHODE PRECURSOR

Reagent Prep -Ni, Mn, Co salt dissolution -Chelating agent -Caustic solution

NixMnyCo1-x-yOH or NixMnyCo1-x-yCO3

NMC CATHODE PRECURSOR +LiOH or Li2CO3 +Dopants & Coatings

+Heat

Material Mixing

Co-Precipitation +Water

NMC POLYCRYSTAL CATHODE

LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2

NMC SINGLE CRYSTAL CATHODE

+Heat +Oxygen Calcination

Washing +Heat

-CO2 -H2O

-Wastewater

Milling, Sieving, Washing

Drying, Sieving -H2O

NMC CATHODE PRECURSOR

Additional coating, doping, and/or washing steps may be needed for high-nickel CAM

-Multiple grain boundaries in each particle -Higher capacity -Better rate capability

-Single continuous crystal lattice in each particle -Higher stability -Better cycling

Source: Comparison of Single Crystal and Polycrystal → Dahn et al. Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 1500–1503 → https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm803144d Precursor Synthesis process → Jing Li et al. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2017, 164 A1534 → https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/2.0401714jes/pdf

-Li2CO3 -LiOH NMC POLYCRYSTAL CATHODE

NMC SINGLE CRYSTAL CATHODE

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.

Cell Design and Materials: Li-Ion

NMC Cathode Active Material Synthesis Process NMC CATHODE PRECURSOR SYNTHESIS OVERVIEW