Cell Design and Materials: Li-Ion

NMC 523 vs 622 vs 811 Mid-Ni NMC variants (NMC622 / NMC523):

Offer the best overall balance between performance materials/manufacturing costs and stability Good for Mid-class/Entry EVs and BESS

High-Ni NMC811:

Maximize energy density, however stability and degradation issues require special engineering (doping/coating, electrolyte additives and BMS control) to be viable Valuable for high range/performance applications (e.g, Premium Class of Long-range EVs)

Parameter

NMC523

NMC622

NMC811

Relative Energy Density

Baseline

Higher (ca. 5-10% vs 523)

Highest (best Wh/kg)

Thermal Stability

Best

Middle

Lowest

Cycle Life

Good

Balanced

Shorter

Charging/SOC

Faster charge, tolerant to higher Balanced SoC

High SoC accelerate degradation

Material Cost

Higher (30% Co)

Lower than 523 (20% Co)

Lowest (10% Co)

Manufacture Complexity

Easiest

Moderate

Hardest

Technology Approach

Particle morphology, coating, electrolyte additives

Doping/coating, reshaping

Doping/coating, gradient particles, electrolyte additives, BMS control

Application(s) Targeted

Entry class EVs; energy storage

Mainstream EVs

Premium high performance EVs with high range

Manufacturing complexity (advance engineering, moisture control, high yield losses and quality control requirements) limits high–Ni penetration In the China historically mid-Ni NMC chemistries are dominant (especially NMC622), whereas NMC811 is present in niche premium/export EV segment In the Europe and North America NMC811 is growing the share in EV due to the focus on higher energy density Source: [1] Y. Ding et al. Electrochem. Energy Rev., 2019, 2, 1-28.; [2] M. S. E. Houache et al. Batteries, 2022, 8, 70.; [3] T&E Report 2023: Clean and lean: Battery metals demand from electrifying cars, buses and coaches.; [4] https://www.adamasintel.com/mid-nickel-ev-batteries-garner-19-market-share-in-china/

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.