Cell Design and Materials: Li-Ion
Page 322 of 768Directory profiles · Battery Business Directory
Organizations mentioned or cited on this 2025 report page. A historical mention does not establish current products, availability or endorsement.
Sources and links on page 322 (3)
Links embedded in the original report PDF, including citations and other references. These destinations have not been independently reviewed. Links open in a new tab.
Text on page 322
Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) Basic Information LMO - SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
LMO has better thermal stability compared to NMC and NCA.
Mn dissolution & capacity fading, especially at elevated T and high voltage.
Mn dissolution & capacity fading, especially at elevated T and high voltage; major life-limiting mechanism.
Competition from LFP and LMFP: similar safety and cost, but often better cycle life and strong industrial ecosystem.
Low cost, earth-abundant Mn vs Co-based cathodes; good for cost-sensitive markets. High power density for EVs, power tools and fast charge capability. Manganese is more abundant and less toxic than cobalt. LMO is one of the more promising materials for solid-state batteries. High efficiency at low cost. LMO does not release oxygen as aggressively as LMR at high states of charge.
Limited energy density vs NMC/NCA. Poorer high-voltage stability (>4.3 V) due to phase changes, surface damage, and side reactions. LMO may suffer from capacity fade and and poor efficiency at high power. Electrolyte side reactions and HF attack accelerate degradation. Cannot compete with LMR in EV range; LMR offers ~33% higher energy density than LFP and vastly outstrips LMO
Limited energy density vs NMC/NCA, and even vs some optimized LFP in pack-level systems. LMO may suffer from capacity fade and and poor efficiency at high power. Electrolyte side reactions and HF attack accelerate degradation. Blending LMO with LMR (or NCM) leverages LMO's high power to compensate for LMR's poor rate capability.
High-Mn layered/spinel cathodes (LMNO, high-Mn NMC) may capture the Mn-based, high power narrative with higher energy density. Persistent Mn-dissolution concerns can limit acceptance in long-life EV/ESS without strong mitigation.
Advantage: LMO’s advantages lie in its cost-effectiveness, safety, and environmental benefits. its spinel 3D structure gives fast Li+ diffusion → high power / fast charge, while Mn makes it cheaper and safer than Co‐rich cathodes. That combo is why it’s strong in tools, e‐bikes, and 2–3‐wheelers. LMO does not current have a big market share: LMO suffers from short cycle life due to high self-discharge rate and capacity fade over many charge/discharge cycles, caused by manganese dissolution and structural degradation. However, some companies have been able to manage this issue with a variety of techniques.
Mature, somewhat “commodized” chemistry may lead less investor attention vs next-gen cathodes.
Source: 1. Battery Report 2024 (Pg226); 2. LMR battery technology, article by S&P Global Mobility; 3. Zihao Zheng et al, Langmuir 2025, 41, 48, 33009–33021
Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.
More in Industry (22)
Page 322 · 26/63