VFBATTERY REPORT
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Cell Design and Materials: Sodium-Ion

Page 395 of 768
Battery Report 2025, page 395: Cell Design and Materials: Sodium-Ion
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Emerging Applications of Na-ion Beyond Grid Scale BESS LEAD ACID MARKETS

DEMAND RESPONSE / PULSE LOADS

BEHIND-THE-METER ESS

Major lead acid players have released 12V SLI Na-ion products

Na-ion better than LTO for UPS / datacenter applications

Safety & Longevity drives Na-ion adoption in RESS and C&I BTM storage

Considerations vs Lead-acid:

Considerations vs LTO:

Considerations vs LFP:

Longer lifetimes

Lower costs per kWh

High safety that precludes LFP

Overdischarge tolerance

Lower footprint required

Wide temperature operation

Better cold cranking

Easier system integration

Higher C-rates capable

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.

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