Cell Design and Materials: Alternative Chemistries
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Innovative Batteries – Metal-Air and Flow
Electrode
Electrolyte
Membrane
Electrode Gas Diffusion Electrode
Electrolyte
Membrane
Electrolyte
Electrode Electrolyte tank
Gas Diffusion Electrode
Electrolyte tank
Metal Air Flow Batteries
Metal Air Batteries
Electrode
Membrane
Electrode
Redox Flow Batteries
Electrolyte tank
Pump
Key Advantage: RFB architecture allows scaling of power and energy density separately
Key Advantage: Metal-air batteries (MAB) have extremely high energy densities
Key Advantage: Metal-air flow batteries (MAFB) combine the scalability of RFB with an increased energy density from the metal air couple
Types: Vanadium (TRL 9), Iron (TRL 4)
Types: Iron (TRL 4-5), Zinc (TRL 2-4)
Types: Lithium (TRL 3), Iron (TRL 2)
Two tanks house the redox active solutions, these are flowed to the cell stack where reduction or oxidation occurs.
MAB employs a gas diffusion cathode for oxygen reduction during discharging. At the anode, metal is oxidized into ions in solution.
An MAFB increases the mass transport kinetics of oxygen reduction by flowing while keeping high energy density of MABs.
Source: Shoaib et al. Adv. Energy Mater, 2024;Li et al. ACS Energy Lett. 2017; Yu et al. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019. Please see Volta Report 2024 for detailed cell specs.
Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.
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