Supply Chain: Upstream and Midstream
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China Still Dominates Graphite Supply Chains Graphite supply chains are highly concentrated in China. Geopolitics has been the main near-term barrier, with export controls and tariffs making it worse. Financing, long lead times, permitting, are major challenges for ex.China graphite producers. Energy costs, cost-competitiveness, and a lack of specialist know-how are other challenges specific to synthetic graphite anode producers. Efforts to diversify graphite supply are advancing: Synthetic graphite is converging on Indonesia, Morocco, and North America, while natural graphite upstream is expanding in Africa.
See Chemistry section for more information.
Source: IEA, company announcements
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