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China’s Industrial and Technological Strategy Evolved Through Key Eras 2000-2005 Foundation
2005-2010 Trial Phase
Highlight
No EV Industry Yet
Tech Status
2010-2015 Scale-up
2015-2020 Engineering Peak
2018-2022 Storage Boom
2020-2025 System Innovation
2023-2025 Circularity
Functional, but Engineering > not Research competitive
Safety Risks
Lifespan > Density
System > Chemistry
Recycling = Profit
Mature + Scale Mfg. (3C)
Usable but Immature
Mass Production Ready
Engineering at its Limits
Low-Cost Priority
Non-Material Driven
Economic Driven
Core Technologies
NiMH/ Lead-acid Small Li-ion (3C)
Early LFP & NCM111 Power System Prototypes
LFP Power Batteries NCM523/622 BMS Engineering
High-nickel NCM811 High-compaction LFP CTP Structures
Storage-specific LFP Containerized Systems EMS Integration
CTC/CTP Systems High-speed Coating Solid-state (Pilot)
Industrial Recycling Recycled Material Loop Responsibility Chain
Commercial Results
3C Electronics Era Global Mfg Hub
Public Transit Demos Govt-Driven Projects
EV Mass Production Full Supply Chain
400-600km Range Global Market Leader
Grid-side Storage Exponential Growth
Extreme Efficiency System-level Safety
Resource Security Cost-control Loop
Strategic Focus
Yield & Cost
Validation
Subsidies
Performance
LCOS
Structures
Value
Source: CNESA-ES RESEARCH Energy Storage Industry Research White Paper
Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.
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