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China is a Major Pioneering Player in eVTOL & Humanoid Robots The ‘low-altitude economy’ and humanoid robots are pushing lithium battery technology to new performance limits. Currently, solid-state/semi-solid-state batteries are widely regarded as the most promising long-term technological pathways to achieve substantially higher energy density and safety, although their large-scale commercialization will take time to realize. Performance
Specific Goals & Challenges
Solutions & Development Trends
Energy Density
Low-altitude economy: Breakthrough to 400Wh/kg in the short term, long-term target of 500Wh/kg. Humanoid robots: Advance from 250-300Wh/kg to over 350Wh/kg.
Material Systems: Adopting high specific energy materials like high-nickel cathodes and silicon-carbon anodes. Ultimate Path: Developing solid-state/semi-solid-state batteries, theoretically capable of exceeding 500Wh/kg.
Power & Fast Charging
Meeting the instantaneous ultra-high power demands (high-rate discharge) for eVTOL takeoff/landing and intense robot movements.
Cell Design: Adopting full-tab design to reduce internal resistance. System Management: Upgrading the Battery Management System (BMS) and optimizing output strategies.
Safety
The low-altitude economy requires aviation-grade absolute safety (PPB-level failure probability). Humanoid robots must ensure close-range personal safety.
Intrinsic Safety: Using solid-state electrolytes to prevent thermal runaway at its root. System Protection: Applying system solutions like "thermal-electric separation," multi-stage insulation, and intelligent early-warning BMS.
Adaptability & Lifetime
Cell form factor must adapt to robots’ irregular body and complex structure Meet cycle life (target 600+ cycles) requirements under long-term, high-frequency use.
Structural Innovation: Adopting pouch cell packaging and "hybrid architecture" battery packs for customization. Process Optimization: Delaying degradation through material and process innovation.
Source: 电池产业蓄势第二次跨越式增长, 人形机器人电池成新增长极
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