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LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiMnxFe1–xPO4 (LMFP) - Olivine Phosphates with Two-phase (De)Lithiation Goodenough’s group in UT-Austin reported various metal phosphates in three publications in J. Electrochem. Soc. in 1997. Amongst these, they identified LiFePO4 and LiMnxFe1–xPO4 as inexpensive and non-toxic candidates for Li-ion battery cathodes. Li atoms in LFP can be reversibly extracted at 3.4 V vs. Li+/Li
Similar olivine crystal structure between LiFePO4 and FePO4
Insertion voltage is independent of state-of-charge
Voltage (Fe3+/2+ = 3.4 V, Mn3+/2+ = 4.1 V) is within the carbonate electrolyte stability window
Source: [1] Padhi, Nanjundaswamy, Goodenough J. Electrochem. Soc. 1997, 4, 1188. [2] Padhi, Nanjundaswamy, Masquelier, Okada, Goodenough J. Electrochem. Soc. 1997, 5, 1609. [3] Padhi, Nanjundaswamy, Masquelier, Goodenough J. Electrochem. Soc. 1997, 8, 2581.
Mechanism is proposed to be an inwardly moving two-phase coexistence of LiFePO4 and FePO4
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