VFBATTERY REPORT
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Recycling

Page 647 of 768
Battery Report 2025, page 647: Recycling
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  1. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/ta/d5ta05718c
  2. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/mh/d4mh01803f
Text on page 647

Direct Regeneration of Cathodes Importance of direct regeneration

Lower energy consumption compared to hydrometallurgy/pyrometallurgy.

Preserves the crystal structure and morphology of cathode materials.

Reduces chemical waste and processing steps

Enables high-value recycling of LFP, LMO, NMC, NCA, LCO.

ROAD MAP FOR LAB TO INDUSTRIAL SCALE

Economically viable: Lower energy consumption vs. conventional routes. Technically superior: Preserves crystal structure enabling multi-chemistry recycling. Environmentally sustainable: Minimal waste and reduced processing complexity.

Source: [1] Runxin wang et al. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2026, 14, 909-935; [2] Changhao Li et al. Mater. Horiz., 2025,12, 4065-4091

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.

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