Sources and links on page 722 (5)
Links embedded in the original report PDF, including citations and other references. These destinations have not been independently reviewed. Links open in a new tab.
- https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/03/24/fact-sheet-strengthening-the-united-states-canada-partnership/
- https://www.war.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3877791/department-of-defense-awards-20-million-to-establish-sustainable-cobalt-sulfate/
- https://www.spglobal.com/energy/en/news-research/latest-news/metals/062325-mexico-will-not-approve-new-mining-concessions-sheinbaum-says
- https://www.canada.ca/en/natural-resources-canada/news/2025/03/investing-to-make-canada-a-global-critical-minerals-superpower.html
- https://www.canada.ca/en/natural-resources-canada/news/2025/10/canada-unlocks-25-new-investments-and-partnerships-with-9-allied-countries-to-secure-critical-minerals-supply-chains.html
Text on page 722
US, Canada and Mexico Critical Mineral and Battery Supply Chain Priorities U.S. - Canada Cooperation: DPA Title III The Defense Production Act (DPA) Title III defines “domestic source” as Canada, the UK, and Australia, in addition to the U.S.. Canadian companies are therefore eligible to receive financial support in the form of grants, loan guarantees, subsidies, and offtake agreements. This authority has been used for decades and remains a key tool in building out allied industrial base capacity. In 2023, the U.S. announced $250 million in Defense Production Act (DPA) funding for U.S. and Canadian companies to mine and process critical minerals for batteries. In 2024, DoD invested $20 million into Canadian company Electra Battery Materials to build out and commission North America’s only cobalt sulfate refinery in Ontario. Mexico Mexico’s investment in battery supply chains is comparatively less comprehensive than that of the U.S. and Canada. Mexico’s 2026 budget limits investment in critical minerals, including lithium, and President Sheinbaum has stated that Mexico will not grant new mining concessions.
Source: Solar Energy Industries Association
Canada Canada offers several tools to support upstream and midstream battery supply chains, including the Critical Minerals Infrastructure Fund (CMIF); Critical Minerals Research Development and Demonstration (CMRDD); Critical Minerals Infrastructure Fund (CMIF) – Indigenous Grants; Critical Minerals Geoscience and Data (CMGD); and Canada First and Last Mile Fund. March 2025: Canada announces 32 projects representing up to $50 million to support Canada’s critical mineral value chains, in alignment with the Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy August 2025: NRCan invests $6,225,000 to support Graphite Nordique’s Lac-des-Îles expansion project for natural graphite mining. October 2025: Canada announces 26 new investments, partnerships and measures to accelerate and unlock $6.4 billion of critical minerals projects.
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