Cell & Pack Manufacturing
Cover and introductionp.1
IndustryOverviewp.5
IndustryNotable Eventsp.7
IndustryIndustry Value Chainp.21
IndustryFinancep.50
IndustryCostsp.68
IndustryCell & Pack Manufacturingp.83
IndustryApplicationsp.127
IndustryApplications: EVp.130
IndustryApplications: Stationary Energy Storagep.182
IndustryApplications: Data Centersp.233
IndustryApplications: Aviation, Drones, Spacep.243
IndustryApplications: Roboticsp.256
IndustryApplications: Otherp.264
IndustrySafetyp.266
IndustryCell Design and Materialsp.282
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Li-Ionp.297
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Lithium Sulfurp.360
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Solid-Statep.367
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Sodium-Ionp.387
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Alternative Chemistriesp.397
IndustrySupply Chain: Upstream and Midstreamp.419
IndustrySupply Chain: Recycling & Secondary Marketsp.439
IndustrySoftware / AIp.455
ChinaOverviewp.486
ChinaHistoryp.489
ChinaPolicy Landscapep.498
ChinaTalent & Ecosystem Maturityp.505
ChinaCapitalp.510
ChinaSupply Chainp.518
ChinaTechnology Innovationp.536
AcademiaOverviewp.552
AcademiaResearch Trendsp.555
AcademiaSeminal Literaturep.560
AcademiaFundamentalsp.571
AcademiaLithium-Ionp.575
AcademiaSolid State Batteriesp.594
AcademiaBattery Degradation and Performancep.605
AcademiaNew / Alternative Chemistriesp.618
AcademiaFast Charging & Extreme Fast Chargingp.630
AcademiaArtificial Intelligence and Machine Learningp.632
AcademiaBattery Management System (BMS)p.638
AcademiaRecyclingp.642
AcademiaBattery Safetyp.649
TalentOverviewp.653
TalentWorkforce Landscapep.657
TalentEmerging Trendsp.662
TalentPolicy & Immigrationp.668
TalentCompensation & Benefitsp.675
TalentIndustry Sentimentp.680
TalentSkills & Training Gapsp.687
TalentEducational Developmentp.692
TalentWorkforce Researchp.698
TalentAccess & Advancementp.702
PolicyNorth Americap.706
PolicyEuropep.724
PolicyAsiap.731
PolicyLegalp.737
CommunityConferencesp.755
PredictionsThe Next 12 Monthsp.760
Closing pagesp.762
Directory profiles (4)
Sources and links on page 84 (1)
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Text on page 84
Cell & Pack Manufacturing Overview Global Market Dynamics
Battery production surpassed 2.3 TWh, but overcapacity surged, especially in LFP and ESS cells. Despite global diversification efforts, China remained the core of supply, producing 86% of all cells and expanding to 6.4 TWh (current and future) capacity.
Technology & Product Shifts
Industry pivoted from NMC → LFP, driven by cost & safety benefits, AI data center demand, ESS growth, and lower EV-related procurement. Tier-2 Chinese manufacturers gained share in ESS, while CATL & BYD maintained dominant global positions. Manufacturers broadened chemistries (LFP, LMFP, NRM) and formats (pouch, prismatic, cylindrical).
North America & Europe Retrench
EV demand softness and the end of U.S. 30D tax credit triggered cancellations, retooling, and JV restructuring. Ex. “BlueOval SK ends all Kentucky positions, transitioning to [ESS]” NA saw the first net reduction in gigafactory capacity: 464 GWh cancelled or delayed; 195 GWh NMC cancelled, 190 GWh reallocated to LFP. Europe contracted by 363 GWh due to weak demand, high energy costs, and stalled projects.
APAC Diverges
Operational & Process Issues
Quality, Automation & AI
Strong momentum behind AI/ML-driven QC: in-line sensing, X-ray/CT, ultrasound, tool-to-tool matching, and formation-data analytics. OEMs and cell makers push toward data integration & analytics to stabilize yield and reduce variability.
China expanded strongly, adding capacity and deepening overseas partnerships. Indian projects progressed slowly; Japan/Korea scaled back; Chinese firms shifted investment to ASEAN to bypass trade barriers.
Persistent bottlenecks remain: led by electrode production (slurry dispersion, coating throughput, electrode alignment, etc.). Companies continue to push dry electrode technology (AMB, LiCAP, Sakuu, Dürr, OLA, Tesla) but face challenges.
Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.