Cell & Pack Manufacturing
Cover and introductionp.1
IndustryOverviewp.5
IndustryNotable Eventsp.7
IndustryIndustry Value Chainp.21
IndustryFinancep.50
IndustryCostsp.68
IndustryCell & Pack Manufacturingp.83
IndustryApplicationsp.127
IndustryApplications: EVp.130
IndustryApplications: Stationary Energy Storagep.182
IndustryApplications: Data Centersp.233
IndustryApplications: Aviation, Drones, Spacep.243
IndustryApplications: Roboticsp.256
IndustryApplications: Otherp.264
IndustrySafetyp.266
IndustryCell Design and Materialsp.282
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Li-Ionp.297
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Lithium Sulfurp.360
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Solid-Statep.367
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Sodium-Ionp.387
IndustryCell Design and Materials: Alternative Chemistriesp.397
IndustrySupply Chain: Upstream and Midstreamp.419
IndustrySupply Chain: Recycling & Secondary Marketsp.439
IndustrySoftware / AIp.455
ChinaOverviewp.486
ChinaHistoryp.489
ChinaPolicy Landscapep.498
ChinaTalent & Ecosystem Maturityp.505
ChinaCapitalp.510
ChinaSupply Chainp.518
ChinaTechnology Innovationp.536
AcademiaOverviewp.552
AcademiaResearch Trendsp.555
AcademiaSeminal Literaturep.560
AcademiaFundamentalsp.571
AcademiaLithium-Ionp.575
AcademiaSolid State Batteriesp.594
AcademiaBattery Degradation and Performancep.605
AcademiaNew / Alternative Chemistriesp.618
AcademiaFast Charging & Extreme Fast Chargingp.630
AcademiaArtificial Intelligence and Machine Learningp.632
AcademiaBattery Management System (BMS)p.638
AcademiaRecyclingp.642
AcademiaBattery Safetyp.649
TalentOverviewp.653
TalentWorkforce Landscapep.657
TalentEmerging Trendsp.662
TalentPolicy & Immigrationp.668
TalentCompensation & Benefitsp.675
TalentIndustry Sentimentp.680
TalentSkills & Training Gapsp.687
TalentEducational Developmentp.692
TalentWorkforce Researchp.698
TalentAccess & Advancementp.702
PolicyNorth Americap.706
PolicyEuropep.724
PolicyAsiap.731
PolicyLegalp.737
CommunityConferencesp.755
PredictionsThe Next 12 Monthsp.760
Closing pagesp.762
Directory profiles (4)
Organizations mentioned or cited on this 2025 report page. A historical mention does not establish current products, availability or endorsement.
Sources and links on page 89 (7)
Links embedded in the original report PDF, including citations and other references. These destinations have not been independently reviewed. Links open in a new tab.
- https://carnewschina.com/2025/02/21/volkswagen-announces-strategic-cooperation-with-catl-to-develop-batteries-in-china-jointly/
- https://carnewschina.com/2025/04/21/battery-giant-catl-showcases-three-innovations-1500km-range-battery-520km-in-5-minutes-ultra-fast-charging-and-2025-mass-production-sodium-ion-battery/
- https://cnevpost.com/2025/09/08/catl-hungarian-plant-begin-production-early-2026/
- https://www.pap.pl/mediaroom/byd-energy-storage-signed-worlds-largest-grid-scale-battery-storage-projects-125gwh
- https://cnevpost.com/2024/11/25/byd-to-launch-next-gen-blade-battery-2025/
- https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/04/07/byd-launches-new-ci-highly-integrated-battery-storage-solution/
- https://www.businessinsider.com/byd-sales-surpass-tesla-china-ev-2026-1
Text on page 89
Profiles of C&P Industry Players
Summary: CATL remained the world’s dominant battery cell supplier in 2025, reinforced by continued technology leadership and global expansion despite limited direct exposure to the US market. The company pushed aggressively into next-generation chemistries and form factors, including fast-charging LFP, sodium-ion, and high-energy-density Qilin packs. While geopolitical constraints limited CATL’s ability to build US manufacturing capacity, it expanded licensing, technology partnerships, and overseas production in Europe and emerging markets. CATL’s ESS business continued to grow rapidly, benefiting from grid-scale demand and vertical integration advantages.
Summary: BYD further strengthened its position in 2025 as the world’s most vertically integrated EV and battery manufacturer. The company’s Blade Battery platform continued to gain adoption across BYD’s own vehicle lineup and select third-party OEMs, while BYD accelerated global expansion in both EV and stationary storage markets. Unlike other Chinese suppliers, BYD made meaningful inroads into overseas manufacturing, positioning itself as both a battery supplier and a full-stack energy solutions provider. Its ESS business grew alongside large-scale solar-plus-storage deployments worldwide.
Notable events:
VW announces strategic cooperation with CATL to develop batteries in China jointly (Feb 2025) CATL unveils 3 new battery technologies at “Tech Day” (Apr 2025) CATL begins construction of additional European manufacturing capacity to support BMW, Stellantis, and VW platforms (Jun 2025) CATL launches new grid-scale ESS products targeting long-duration (Oct 2025)
Top level numbers: CATL’s global installed and planned capacity exceeded 600 GWh in 2025, maintaining its position as the world’s largest battery manufacturer by a wide margin. While direct US production remains minimal, CATL continues to supply a significant share of global EV and ESS demand through China, Europe, and licensing-based market access.
Notable events:
BYD Energy Storage secures multi-GWh utility-scale ESS contracts outside China (Feb 2025) BYD expands Blade Battery production capacity to support new global EV platform launches (Mar 2025) Introduction of next-gen C&I BESS, the Chess Plus (Apr 2025) BYD continues international EV market share gains, driving internal battery demand growth (Nov 2025)
Top level numbers: BYD’s total battery manufacturing capacity exceeded 400 GWh globally in 2025, split between internal EV consumption and third-party EV and ESS customers. The company remains one of the largest global producers of LFP batteries, with expansion plans focused on vertically integrated growth rather than merchant cell sales alone.
Companies are generally shifting their focus from EVs to a broader portfolio that includes energy storage. Source: Company announcements
Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.